Xa ikhululekile kwindawo ebandayo, i-molecule iya kupholisa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokunciphisa ukujikeleza kwayo kunye nokulahlekelwa amandla ajikelezayo kwi-quantum transitions.Ii-Physicists zibonise ukuba le nkqubo yokupholisa ejikelezayo inokukhawuleza, iyancipha okanye iphinde iguqulwe ngokungqubana kweeamolekyu ezinamasuntswana ajikelezileyo. .googletag.cmd.push(umsebenzi() {googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1449240174198-2′);});
Abaphandi beMax-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics eJamani kunye neColumbia Astrophysical Laboratory kutshanje baye benza umfuniselo ojolise ekulinganiseni amazinga okutshintsha komyinge obangelwa kukungqubana phakathi kweemolekyuli neeelectron. yalo mlinganiselo, obuqikelelwe kuphela ngokwethiyori.
"Xa ii-electron kunye nee-ion ze-molekyuli zikhona kwigesi engenamandla e-ionized, elona nqanaba lisezantsi leemolekyuli linokutshintsha ngexesha longquzulwano," u-Ábel Kálosi, omnye wabaphandi abenze uphando, uxelele iPhys.org. Inkqubo ikwi-interstellar cloud, apho uqwalaselo lubonisa ukuba iimolekyuli ubukhulu becala zikwezona ndawo zisezantsi zequantum. Umtsalane phakathi kwee-electron ezihlawuliswa kakubi kunye nee-ion zemolekyuli ezichajiwe kakuhle zenza ukuba inkqubo yokungqubana kwe-electron isebenze kakuhle.”
Kangangeminyaka, iingcali zefiziksi ziye zazama ukufumanisa ukuba i-electrons ekhululekile ekhululekile isebenzisana njani nama-molecule ngexesha lokungqubana kwaye ekugqibeleni itshintshe imeko yabo yokujikeleza.Nangona kunjalo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukubikezela kwabo kwethiyori akuzange kuhlolwe kwisimo sokulinga.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho milinganiselo yenziweyo yokuqinisekisa ubunyani botshintsho kumanqanaba ombane ajikelezayo kuxinzelelo lwe-electron kunye nobushushu obunikiweyo,” kuchaza uKálosi.
Ukuqokelela lo mlinganiso, uKálosi kunye noogxa bakhe bazisa iimolekyuli ezihlawulelwayo ezizimeleyo ukuba ziqhagamshelane ngokusondeleyo nee-electron kumaqondo obushushu ajikeleze i-25 Kelvin.
Kwiimvavanyo zabo, abaphandi basebenzise indandatho yokugcina i-cryogenic kwi-Max-Planck Institute ye-Nuclear Physics e-Heidelberg, eJamani, eyenzelwe iindidi ezikhethiweyo ze-ion ze-molecular ion. ikhutshwa kakhulu kuzo naziphi na ezinye iigesi ezingasemva.
Kwiringi ye-cryogenic, ii-ion ezigciniweyo zinokupholiswa ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lobushushu leendonga zendandatho, zivelise ii-ion ezizaliswe kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi le-quantum,” kuchaza uKálosi.” Iringi zogcino lwe-cryogenic zisandula kwakhiwa kumazwe aliqela, kodwa indawo yethu iphantsi kakhulu. ekuphela kwayo exhotyiswe ngomqa we-electron owenziwe ngokukodwa onokuthi unxibelelene nee-ion zemolekyuli. Iiyoni zigcinwa imizuzu eliqela kule ringi , i-laser isetyenziselwa ukugocagoca amandla ajikelezayo eeyoni zemolekyuli.
Ngokukhetha i-optical wavelength ethile kwi-laser yayo ye-probe, iqela linokutshabalalisa iqhezu elincinci leeyoni ezigciniweyo ukuba amanqanaba abo ajikelezayo ajikelezayo ahambelana ne-wavelength.Bandula ke bafumanisa iziqwenga zeemolekyuli eziphazamisayo ukufumana okubizwa ngokuba yizibonakaliso ze-spectral.
Iqela liqokelele imilinganiselo yabo phambi kobukho kunye nokungabikho kwee-electron collisions.Oku kwabavumela ukuba babone utshintsho kuluntu oluthe tye phantsi kweemeko zokushisa eziphantsi ezibekwe kuvavanyo.
“Ukulinganisa inkqubo yongquzulwano lokutshintsha korhulumente, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho elona nqanaba lisezantsi lamandla ajikelezayo kwi-ion yemolekyuli,” utshilo uKálosi. imithamo, usebenzisa ukupholisa cryogenic kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwegumbi lobushushu, elihlala lisondele kwi-300 Kelvin. Kulo mqulu, iimolekyuli zinokwahlulwa kwiimolekyuli ezikuyo yonke indawo, imitha ye-infrared thermal yendalo esingqongileyo.
Kwiimvavanyo zabo, u-Kálosi kunye noogxa bakhe bakwazi ukufikelela kwiimeko zovavanyo apho ukungqubana kwe-electron kulawula utshintsho lwe-radiative.Ngokusebenzisa ii-electron ezaneleyo, banokuqokelela imilinganiselo yobuninzi bee-electron collisions kunye ne-CH + ion molecular ions.
"Sifumene ukuba i-electron-induced rotational rate rate ihambelana noqikelelo lwethiyori yangaphambili," utshilo uKálosi. Silindele ukuba izibalo ezizayo ziya kugxila ngakumbi kwiziphumo ezinokubakho zokungqubana kwe-elektroni kwezona ndawo zisezantsi zamandla kwiindawo ezibandayo, ezikwanti ze-quantum systems.
Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni uqikelelo lwethiyori kwindawo yokulinga okokuqala, umsebenzi wakutshanje weli qela labaphandi unokuba neziphumo ezibalulekileyo zophando.Ngokomzekelo, iziphumo zabo zibonisa ukuba ukulinganisa umlinganiselo we-electron-induced rate of change in quantum energy levels can be Kubalulekile xa uhlalutya imiqondiso ebuthathaka yeemolekyuli ezisemajukujukwini ezichongwe ziiteleskopu zikanomathotholo okanye ukuphinda kusebenze iikhemikhali kwiiplasma ezibhityileyo nezibandayo.
Kwixesha elizayo, eli phepha lingavula indlela yezifundo ezitsha zethiyori eziqwalasela ngokusondeleyo isiphumo sokungqubana kwe-electron kumsebenzi wamanqanaba ombane ojikelezayo we-quantum kwiimolekyuli ezibandayo.Oku kunokunceda ukufumanisa apho ukungqubana kwe-electron kuneyona mpembelelo inamandla, kunokwenzeka ukwenza imifuniselo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi kwintsimi.
“Kwiringi yokugcina i-cryogenic, siceba ukwazisa itekhnoloji yelaser eguquguqukayo ngakumbi ukuphonononga amanqanaba ombane ajikelezayo eentlobo zemolekyuli ze-diatomic kunye ne-polyatomic,” wongeza uKálosi. . Imilinganiselo yeLabhoratri yolu hlobo iya kuqhubeka incediswa, ngakumbi kwi-astronomy yokujonga ngeenkwenkwezi kusetyenziswa ii-observatories ezinamandla ezifana ne-Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array eChile. ”
Nceda usebenzise le fomu ukuba ufumana iimpazamo zopelo, ukungachaneki, okanye ufuna ukuthumela isicelo sokuhlela umxholo weli phepha.Xa unemibuzo ngokubanzi, nceda usebenzise ifom yethu yoqhagamshelwano.Ukwenzela ingxelo ngokubanzi, nceda usebenzise icandelo lezimvo zoluntu ngezantsi (nceda ulandele izikhokelo).
Impendulo yakho ibalulekile kuthi.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomthamo wemiyalezo, asiqinisekisi iimpendulo zomntu ngamnye.
Idilesi ye-imeyile isetyenziselwa kuphela ukwazisa abamkeli ukuba ngubani othumele i-imeyile.Idilesi yakho okanye idilesi yomamkeli iya kusetyenziselwa nayiphi na enye injongo.Ulwazi olufakileyo luya kuvela kwi-imeyile yakho kwaye aluyi kugcinwa yiPhys.org kuyo nayiphi na injongo. ifomu.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-28-2022