一、Uphuhliso lweUkubunjwa okujikelezayo
Kumazwe angaphandle, ukubumba okujikelezayo kube yenye yeenkqubo zokubumba zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ngeminyaka yoo-1940, intlama yePVC yayisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iithoyi ezifana neebhola zeplastiki ngokubunjwa okujikelezayo. Ngeminyaka yee-1950, inkqubo yokubumba i-polyethylene ejikelezayo isebenzisa i-polyethylene powder resin ephantsi yoxinaniso njengento ekrwada yaphuhliswa ukuvelisa iimveliso zoshishino ezifana neetanki zokugcina i-polyethylene kunye nemibhobho emikhulu, eyakhuthaza kakhulu ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokubumba okujikelezayo. Ukususela ngoko, inayiloni, i-polycarbonate, i-ABS kunye nezinye iiplastiki ziye zabunjwa yinkqubo yokujikeleza. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1970, ukubumba okujikelezayo kwaba yinkqubo enkulu yokubumba iplastiki.
Kwi-1971, kwakukho iinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-50 ezibandakanyekayo kwimveliso yeemveliso zokubumba ezijikelezayo e-UK, kunye nabavelisi be-70 be-rotation molding thermoplastics; Kukho iinkampani ezingaphezulu kwama-20 ezibandakanyeka ekuqhubeni ukubumba okujikelezayo kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, kuquka iinkampani ezivela eJamani, eFransi, eSwitzerland, eNorway, eOstriya, eDenmark nakwamanye amazwe.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1970, i-UK yakwazi ukubonelela ngomatshini wokubumba umqulu okwazi ukuvelisa izitya ezinomthamo we-18000L; I-Netherlands ivelise itanki enkulu ye-cylindrical enobubanzi be-2.1m kunye nobude be-4.8m. Itanki yi-540kg kwaye ubukhulu bodonga yi-25mm. Ngowe-1970, umthamo opheleleyo weemveliso zokubumba ezijikelezayo eYurophu zafikelela ngaphezu kwe-15000t, kuquka malunga ne-7000t eBritani.
Ngowe-1970, iiyunithi ezingaphezu kwama-500 e-United States zazibandakanya ukuveliswa kweemveliso zokubumba ezijikelezayo. Babengaphezu kwama-500oomatshini bokubumba abajikelezayo, kunye nomthamo wezingxobo zokubumba ezijikelezayo ubugqithile kwi-10000 L (iilitha ezingama-2400); Awona malungu eplastiki aphezulu aveliswa ngumatshini wokubumba umqulu yi-4.6× iingongoma ezine zesithandathu× 2.1m.
Kwiminyaka ye-1960, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji yokubumba ejikelezayo yayinxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuphuculwa kweempawu ze-resin kunye nezixhobo zokubumba ezijikelezayo. Ngeli xesha, iiplastiki ezininzi ezikhethekileyo zokubumba ezijikelezayo zaphuhliswa, ezifana ne-PE P-320, iRaychem Flamolin 771 kunye nezinye i-polyethylene resins eziphuhliswe yi-United Carburization Company. I-FE P-320 luhlobo lwe-polyethylene yoxinaniso oluphantsi, olunokusebenza kakuhle kokubunjwa kwe-polyethylene resin ephantsi kunye nobushushu obuphantsi befuthe lobunzima, ukuchasana kweekhemikhali kunye nokunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo lwe-resin high-density polyethylene resin; I-Raychems F1amo1in 711 yi-resin ye-polyethylene edibeneyo edibeneyo yokubumba okujikelezayo. Ukongeza kwi-cross-linked, ikwanepropathi yokuzicima. Umqulu odumileyo wokubumba umnqamlezo wepolyethylene resin Marlex Cl-100 yePhilips nayo yaphuhliswa ngeli xesha.
Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokulungiselela ezinkuluiimveliso zokubumba ezijikelezayo, oomatshini abaninzi abanakho ukwenza iimveliso zokubumba ezinkulu ezijikelezayo zaphuhliswa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1960, ezinokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo indawo yomgangatho kunye namandla obushushu. Ngo-1970, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha soomatshini bokubumba abathengiswa kwimarike babenobubanzi obujikelezayo obungaphezulu kwe-1.75m. Ukongeza, inqanaba lolawulo lomatshini nalo liphuculwe ukuya kumaqondo ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, umatshini wokubumba ojikelezayo weengalo ezintathu uMcNeil Auronismodel 3000-200 unokulawula imijikelo yokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa ingalo nganye ngokwahlukileyo, ukuze iimveliso zobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zinokubunjwa ngaxeshanye. Ububanzi bayo obujikelezayo bufikelela kwi-5m, kwaye ubunzima obupheleleyo besikhunta kunye ne-resin ukuba ingalo nganye inokuthwala malunga ne-13500N; Umatshini wokubumba wohlobo lwejacket onesiphumo esihle sokudlulisa ubushushu kunye nommandla omncinci womgangatho nawo wawuyilwe kwaye wenziwa ngeli xesha.
Uphuhliso kunye nophando lokubumba okujikelezayo e-China kunokulandwa emva koo-1960. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960, ishishini leethoyi laseShanghai laliqalisile ukusebenzisa indlela yokubumba ejikelezayo ukuvelisa iipellets ezithambileyo zePVC ngonyaka; Isityalo sesithathu seShangsu Plastics sivelise ngempumelelo i-200L kunye ne-1500L yezikhongozeli ze-polyethylene roll; Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1970, iBeijing FRP Research Institute yaphuhlisa ngempumelelo isikhongozeli senayiloni yeplastiki ejikelezayo kwaye yasifaka kwizicimi-mlilo zehlathi kunye nezinye iimveliso. Nangona kunjalo, imveliso enkulu yokwenyani yemizi-mveliso yeza emva kokwaziswa kwenkqubela phambiliukubumba okujikelezayoizixhobo kunye netekhnoloji evela phesheya phakathi kwaye ekupheleni 1980s. Okwangoku, ikwazile ukulungiselela iimveliso zeplastiki ezinkulu ezifana neetanki zokugcina imichiza ezinomthamo we-container ezingaphezu kwe-20000L kunye neplastiki ephakamileyo zonke iiyacht zeplastiki.
二、Isicelo sokuBunjwa okuNjikelayo
Ngophuhliso lobuchwephesha bokubumba obujikelezayo, umda wesicelo seemveliso zokubumba ezijikelezayo zandisiwe ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zokubumba ezijikelezayo kuye kwanda kakhulu. Ezinye izicelo zabameli zingabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
1. Amalungu eplastiki ajikelezayo kwizikhongozeli
Olu hlobo lweemveliso zeplastiki zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiitanki zokugcina amanzi, iitanki zeekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo zolwelo (ezifana neasidi, ialkali, ityuwa, isichumisi sekhemikhali, isibulali zinambuzane, njl.), izikhongozeli zepetroli (iitanki zepetroli kunye neetanki zamafutha kwiimoto kunye neenqwelomoya), amaqokobhe ebhetri, njl.
2. Amalungu ajikelezayo kwiimoto
Isebenza ikakhulu i-polyethylene kunye ne-polyvinyl chloride paste resin, kunye ne-roll yokubumba izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemibhobho, ezifana ne-air conditioning elbow, i-backrest, i-handrail, njl.
3.Izixhobo zemidlalo kunye nezinto ezithatha indawo ezahlukeneyo
Kukho ubukhulu becala ezohlukeneyo zePVC zokuncamathisela iindawo ezibunjiweyo ze-roto, ezinje ngepolo yamanzi, ibhola edadayo, umqamelo wesitulo sebhayisekile, isikhitshane esincinci kunye nesixhobo sothusayo phakathi kwenqanawa kunye nedokhi. Umphanda we-rotogrammed crosslinked polyethylene eyenziwe kumthi we-Philips'rotogrammed crosslinked polyethylene "i-Maricxcl-100" unokukhuphisana nomphanda wesinyithi, kwaye unokumelana nekhemikhali elungileyo kunye neendleko zolondolozo eziphantsi. I-Rotational palletizing tray yathengiswa eUnited States, Japan nakwamanye amazwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970; Iibhodi zokusefa, izikhephe, njl.
4. Izinto zokudlala, iimodeli, imisebenzi yezandla, njl
Ngenxa yokuba i-mold ejikelezayo inokuveliswa ngokuchithwa ngokuchanekileyo, i-electroforming kunye nezinye iinkqubo; Umphezulu weendawo ezibunjiweyo ezijikelezayo zinefuthe elihle "lekopi" kwisakhiwo esilungileyo somphezulu we-mold cavity. Ke ngoko, indlela yokubumba ejikelezayo inokwenza iimveliso zithambile kwaye zihle. Ngoko ke, isoloko isetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso ezinexabiso elikhulu lokujonga, ngakumbiizinto zokudlala, iimodeli, imisebenzi yezandla, njl.
5. Ukongeza koku kungasentla, kukho kwakhona ezahlukeneyoiibhokisi, amaqokobhe, imibhobho emikhulu kunye nezinye iimveliso ezisetyenziswa ngokubanziiimveliso zokubumba ezijikelezayonjengeebhokisi zentengiso,iinkonkxa zenkunkuma, amaqokobhe omatshini, izigqubuthelo zokukhusela, izibane zezibane, amagumbi okuhlambela, izindlu zangasese, amagumbi emfonomfono, iiyachts, njl.
Iimveliso zokubumba ezijikelezayo zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwindawo yokugcina imichiza yolwelo kunye nokuthutha, amashishini ekhemikhali, ukutyabeka kwemizi-mveliso,amatanki okuhlambakunye neetanki zokusabela ekulungiseleleni umhlaba onqabileyo, kunye nomlambo kunyeizixhobo zolwandle, ekhayaiitanki zamanzikunye neminye imimandla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-15-2022